Kodi zotsatira za nkhondo yachuma ya USA motsutsana ndi China zinali zotani?

(Yosindikizidwanso kuchokera ku akaunti yovomerezeka ya Oriental Finance Magazine, yolembedwa ndi Yan Ansheng, wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa Hong Kong Journal Media Association.)

Kuyambira mu 2025, nkhondo yamalonda pakati pa Sino-US yakula kwambiri, ndipo masewerawa m'magawo a misonkho, ukadaulo, ndi unyolo wamafakitale awonetsa chizolowezi chotsutsana kwambiri. Magulu awiriwa ayambitsa mikangano yoopsa m'madera ofunikira monga ma semiconductors, magalimoto atsopano amagetsi, ndi ulimi. Pa Epulo 2, 2025, boma la US linalengeza kuti likhazikitsa "msonkho wobwezera" pa katundu waku China wotumizidwa ku United States, ndi msonkho wa 34%. Kuphatikiza ndi msonkho wa 20% kuyambira 2018, msonkho wonse unafika pa 54%. China siili bwino kwambiri. Pa Epulo 4, China idayambitsa mwachangu ndondomeko ya msonkho wobwezera "34% mpaka 34%", ndikuyika msonkho wa 34% pa katundu aliyense wochokera ku United States, wokhudza zinthu zaulimi, mphamvu, magalimoto ndi madera ena. Nthawi yomweyo, China yaphatikiza mabungwe 16 aku US pamndandanda wowongolera kutumiza kunja, kuletsa kutumiza zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri kwa iwo; ndipo adaphatikiza makampani 11 pamndandanda wa mabungwe osadalirika, kuwaletsa kuchita zinthu zotumiza ndi kutumiza kunja ndi China. Kuphatikiza apo, China yaimitsa ziyeneretso za makampani 6 aku US zotumiza kunja kwa zinthu zaulimi kupita ku China, ndikuyika malamulo oyendetsera kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi zinthu zapakati ndi zolemera za rare earth.

Kuchokera ku gawo laposachedwa la nkhondo yamalonda ya Sino-US, tikutha kuona kuti njira zothanirana ndi China zikukulirakulira. Ndiye, ndani adzapambana nkhondo yachuma ya Sino-US pamapeto pake? Sikovuta kupeza yankho powunikanso mpikisano wachuma wa Sino-US kuyambira 2018.

Kodi nkhondo yamalonda yakhudza bwanji United States?

Mu 2018, boma la Trump, lomwe panthawiyo linali purezidenti wa US, linayambitsa nkhondo yamalonda yolimbana ndi China, yomwe inakula kwambiri panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Biden. Komabe, patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, dziko la United States silinangolephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zake, komanso lataya zinthu zambiri, lavutika, komanso lawonetsa matako ake opanda kanthu. Nkhondo yamalonda ya US yawononga pang'ono China, koma kuwonongeka kwa United States yokha kwapitirira zomwe anthu aku America ankayembekezera, zomwe zikuwonekera bwino m'mbali zotsatirazi.

Choyamba, andale aku America akumana ndi vuto lalikulu la maganizo. Pa nthawi yonse ya nkhondo yamalonda, malonda akunja aku China apita patsogolo, ndipo tinganene kuti nkhondo ikakula, imakhala yolimba. Kupatulapo momwe nkhondo yamalonda idakhudzira kutumiza kunja, mfundo za China zokhazikitsa malonda akunja zathandizira pakapita nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Mwa kulimbitsa mgwirizano ndi kusinthana ndi nsanja ndi njira monga RCEP, Belt and Road Initiative, ndi mayiko a BRICS, China yathetsa msanga kusiyana kwa malonda ndi United States, ndipo yakhala ikupita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo malonda akunja akupitiliza kukula chaka ndi chaka. Deta yovomerezeka ikuwonetsa kuti malonda ochokera ku China adzafika pa 25 trillion yuan mu 2024, ndipo malonda ake ochulukirapo adzapitirira 1 trillion US dollars, yomwe si yayikulu kwambiri pazogulitsa kunja za China, komanso yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mu nkhondo yamalonda iyi, kumbali imodzi, aku America akuwona malo awo mu gawo la malonda akunja aku China akuchepa mofulumira. Kumbali ina, poona kuti malonda akunja aku China akupita patsogolo, andale aku America akudabwa, ndipo nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo komwe akumana nako sikunachitikepo.

Chachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa kukwera kwa mitengo ku United States kwachepetsedwa ndipo n'kovuta kuchepetsa, zomwe zabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa anthu aku America. Nkhondo yamalonda yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi Trump ndi wolowa m'malo mwake Biden motsutsana ndi China idayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kusintha kwa mafakitale ku United States. Ngakhale kuti United States yathandizira kwambiri kupanga ndi kupanga ku Mexico, India, Vietnam ndi mayiko ena kuti alowe m'malo mwa zinthu zaku China, zigawo zazikulu zamakampani opanga zinthu m'maiko awa zimadalira kwambiri kupezeka kwa unyolo wa mafakitale ku China. Ndipotu, chiyembekezo cha United States chosintha zinthu kuchokera kumayiko ena kupita kumayiko ena ku India, Vietnam ndi Mexico chalakwitsa kwambiri. Unyolo wa mafakitale ku China sunakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi nkhondo yamalonda yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi United States. M'malo mwake, mitengo yomwe United States imayika mwachindunji komanso mwanjira ina pa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa ku China imaperekedwa kwa ogula aku America, ndipo yakhala chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukwera kwa mitengo ku United States kukwere. Kuyambira pomwe boma la Trump linayambitsa nkhondo yamalonda motsutsana ndi China, makamaka kuyambira pomwe mliri wa COVID-19 unayamba, kuchuluka kwa kukwera kwa mitengo ku US kwakhala kukukwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo chilichonse chakhala chokwera mtengo. Ngakhale boma la US latenga njira zochepetsera kwambiri chiwongola dzanja monga chiwongola dzanja chokwera, kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu sikunafike pamlingo woyenera. Anthu aku America akudandaula kwambiri, ndipo milandu yosiyanasiyana ndi nkhanza zomwe boma la US likuimbidwa ndi boma sizikutha. Boma la US silinali kuyembekezera izi.

Chachitatu, kufooka kwa unyolo wa mafakitale aku US kwawululidwa, ndipo zofooka za makampani opanga zinthu zachepa kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zolinga za boma la US kuyambitsa nkhondo yamalonda chinali kukopa opanga zinthu kubwerera ku United States ndikupangitsa makampani opanga zinthu aku US kukhala olimba kachiwiri. Komabe, zosiyana ndi izi zinachitika. Poganizira zotsatira za zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera pamene United States idayambitsa nkhondo yamalonda, sikuti makampani opanga zinthu sanabwerere ku United States kokha, komanso unyolo woyambirira wa mafakitale aku United States nawonso wasokonekera. Dongosolo logwira ntchito bwino la magawo a unyolo wa mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi lomwe linamangidwa ndi makampani aku America lasokonekera. Kupeza ogulitsa ena kumatenga nthawi yambiri ndipo sikungathe kukwaniritsa mtundu ndi mtengo wa unyolo woyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, kusatsimikizika komwe kunabwera chifukwa cha nkhondo yamalonda kwapangitsanso makampani ambiri aku America kukayikira kupanga zisankho monga ndalama ndi kukulitsa, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko chokhazikika cha unyolo wa mafakitale kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, makampani ambiri aku America amadalira kwambiri zinthu zochokera ku China zomwe zimagulitsidwa kuchokera ku China kuti apange zinthu zopangira, zida, ndi zina zotero. Tengani makampani amagetsi mwachitsanzo. China ndiye wopanga wamkulu wa zida zambiri zamagetsi. Nkhondo yamalonda imapangitsa kuti makampani aku America omwe ali ndi mgwirizanowu azivutika kupeza zinthu zokhazikika, zomwe zikuwonjezera ndalama ndikusokoneza kupita patsogolo kwa kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, Apple ikukumana ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zophatikizira. Nkhondo yamalonda yalepheretsa kutumiza kwa makampani opanga zinthu m'dziko ku United States, zomwe zawonetsanso kuti makampani opanga zinthu aku US akusowa ntchito chifukwa cha nkhondo yamalonda.

Chachinayi, dziko la United States lataya njira zake zonse zogulira zinthu pokambirana ndi China ndipo lakhala lopanda chidwi kwambiri. Kuyambira pamene China inalowa mu WTO mu 2001, dziko la United States nthawi zambiri lakhala likugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa kusalingana kwa malonda pakati pa mayiko a Sino-US kuti lipereke zilango motsutsana ndi China, zomwe zinapangitsa China kuvomereza ndikupereka zilango m'malo ambiri, monga kufuna kuti RMB ivomerezedwe komanso kupempha China kuti ithandize dziko la United States kuthetsa mavuto azachuma. Komabe, m'mbuyomu, zilango za US zinali zazikulu koma sizinagwire ntchito, ndipo zilango zenizeni zinali zochepa, ndipo ubwino womwe United States inapeza kuchokera ku China unali waukulu. Komabe, mu 2018, boma la Trump linachotsa kwathunthu mphamvu ya boma la US ndipo linatenga njira zotsutsana kwambiri ndi China, poyesa kuchepetsa chitukuko cha mafakitale aku China kudzera mu malonda. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yamalonda, boma la Trump ndi wolowa m'malo mwake, boma la Biden, linayambitsanso nkhondo yaukadaulo ndi nkhondo yazachuma motsutsana ndi China, ndipo linatsatira ndikuletsa makampani aukadaulo aku China padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, njira yoletsa yomwe United States idagwiritsa ntchito motsutsana ndi China ikhoza kunenedwa kuti ndi yopanda nzeru, ndipo makadi a lipenga agwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe njira yopezera ndalama zogulira zinthu. Pamapeto pake, njira yokhayo yowukira ndi kuvulaza yomwe United States ingachite motsutsana ndi China ndi kunyoza maganizo a anthu onse komanso kusokoneza anthu, koma imathetsedwanso imodzi ndi imodzi ndi mfundo ya China yopanda visa. Tsopano, patatha zaka zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri za nkhondo zamalonda, nkhondo zaukadaulo, nkhondo zachuma, komanso nkhondo za malingaliro a anthu onse, boma la US mwadzidzidzi lapeza kuti lasintha kuchoka pakukhala wodzipereka kupita ku kukhala chete akamakumana ndi China.

Kodi nkhondo yaukadaulo yakhudza bwanji United States?

Mu 2018, boma la US litayambitsa nkhondo yamalonda ndi China, nthawi yomweyo linayambitsa nkhondo yaukadaulo ndipo linagwirizana ndi anzawo kuti aletse makampani aukadaulo aku China padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhondo yaukadaulo yomwe United States idayambitsa motsutsana ndi China yakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo yakhala ikukwera nthawi zonse, koma liwiro la chitukuko chaukadaulo ku China silinayime, koma lakhala likuchulukirachulukira. M'malo mwake, chitukuko chaukadaulo wa United States chakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Choyamba, ubwino wa ukadaulo wa United States wachepa. Chifukwa cha njira zoletsera zomwe United States yatenga motsutsana ndi China, mayiko awiriwa sangathe kulankhulana mu sayansi ndi ukadaulo. Kumbali imodzi, yalimbikitsa kuthekera kwa zatsopano ndi mabizinesi a boma la China ndi mabizinesi, ndipo yapanga kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wa China m'mbali zonse. Kumbali ina, United States ikutayika chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwa China mwachangu. Zaka 20 zapitazo, United States inali ndi zabwino zonse zaukadaulo kuposa China, koma lero, China yapeza kutchuka mwachangu komanso ngakhale kupambana United States m'magawo ambiri aukadaulo. Masiku ano, kupatulapo magawo ochepa apamwamba, United States ikadali ndi zabwino zake, ndipo pafupifupi mbali zina zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ukadaulo waku China. Sikuti United States yokha singathe kufananizidwa ndi China m'madera monga sitima yothamanga kwambiri, kupanga zombo, magetsi, ndi magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, komanso ngakhale malo oyendera ndege, omwe ndi onyada kwambiri ku United States padziko lonse lapansi, agonjetsedwa ndi China. Mu gawo la ma chip komwe United States yakhala ikutsogolera nthawi zonse, kupatulapo ma chip apamwamba ochepa omwe ali ndi ubwino, mafakitale ena a ma chip ndi misika yapakati komanso yotsika mtengo ikulamulidwa ndi China. Ngakhale Boston Dynamics, yomwe yakhala ikupanga agalu a roboti kwa zaka zambiri, yapitidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi Yushu Technology yaku China. China ndi United States akukangana pankhani ya luntha lochita kupanga, koma chifukwa cha kubuka kwa DeepSeek, vutoli likusintha m'njira yomwe ikukomera China kwambiri.

Chachiwiri, kutayika kwa luso la sayansi ndi ukadaulo ku United States kukuonekera kwambiri. Monga tonse tikudziwira, kutukuka kwa United States kuli chifukwa chakuti United States yakhala malo osungira anthu padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka 100 zapitazi. Maluso ochokera padziko lonse lapansi asamukira ku United States ndipo apereka chithandizo chachikulu pakukula kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo waku America. Pakati pawo, ophunzira aku China, asayansi aku China-America, ndi ofufuza zaukadaulo aku China-America achita bwino kwambiri ndipo ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo la sayansi ndi ukadaulo waku America. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mikangano yandale ku United States yakula, anthu agawidwa kwambiri, ndipo mikangano yamitundu yakula. Makamaka, anthu ochokera ku China, kuphatikiza ophunzira aku China, ofufuza aku China ndi China-America, akhala akusalidwa kwambiri ku United States. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti athetse njira zosinthirana zasayansi ndi ukadaulo pakati pa China ndi United States, andale aku America sanangoletsa kutumiza ukadaulo waku America ku China, komanso aletsa kusinthana kwa luso pakati pa China ndi United States. Boma la US lapondereza ndi kuzunza ophunzira aku China, asayansi aku China ndi aku America ochokera ku China, komanso mainjiniya ochokera ku China, osati kungoletsa njira zawo zokwezera anthu pantchito ndikuletsa kukhala ndi maudindo ofunikira m'boma la US ndi mabizinesi, komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wawo wophunzira ndi ntchito ku United States. Masukulu ena a sayansi ndi uinjiniya amaletsa ophunzira ochokera ku China kuphunzira, ndipo kafukufuku wambiri wasayansi ndi maudindo aukadaulo ndi mabungwe sizitsegulidwa kwa ophunzira aku China komanso aku China ndi aku America ochokera ku China. Ophunzira aku China ndi aku China ndi aku America akuvutika kwambiri ndi maphunziro awo, ntchito zawo, ndi moyo wawo ku United States. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ophunzira ambiri aku China ndi asayansi aku China ndi aku America ochokera ku China asankha kuchoka ku United States ndikupita kumadera onse a dziko lapansi. Pakati pawo, asayansi ena asankha kubwerera ku China kukatumikira dziko lawo. Mwachitsanzo, Pulofesa Yin Zhiyao, wapampando komanso purezidenti wa Shanghai Advanced Micro-Semiconductor Equipment Co., Ltd., yemwe adabwerera ku China mu 2004 kukayambitsa bizinesi, adanenapo kuti m'zaka 40 zapitazi, United States yapanga mitundu yosachepera 10 ya zida zapamwamba za semiconductor padziko lonse lapansi, 70% mpaka 80% mwa izo zidapangidwa ndi ophunzira aku China, ndipo 80% mpaka 90% ya maluso awa abwerera ku China ndipo adachita gawo lofunika m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Kuwona kambuku yonse, chitsanzo chomwe chatchulidwa ndi Wapampando Yin Zhiyao chikuwonetsa momwe anthu akutaya luso ku United States. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku Stanford University ku United States, chiwerengero cha asayansi aku China omwe akuchoka ku United States chawonjezeka kuchoka pa 900 kufika pa 2,621 pakati pa 2010 ndi 2021. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi atolankhani aku US akuwonetsa kuti pakati pa asayansi aku China oposa 1,300, 61% ya iwo akufunabe kuchoka ku United States. Deta ikusonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti dziko la United States lili ndi asayansi ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chiwerengero chake chikuipiraipira, ndipo chiwerengero cha asayansi apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali m'manja mwa China chikufanana ndi cha dziko la United States.

Chachitatu, makampani opanga ukadaulo aku US ali ndi mavuto aakulu ndi boma la US. US isanayambe nkhondo yaukadaulo motsutsana ndi China, kugawa ntchito pakati pa China ndi US m'munda wa chip kunali komveka bwino, kutanthauza kuti, US inali ndi udindo wopanga ndi kupanga zinthu za chip, ndipo China inapereka msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wa makampani opanga chip ku US. Komabe, nkhondo yaukadaulo yomwe US ​​idayambitsa motsutsana ndi China idaswa njira imeneyi. Pofuna kuchepetsa chitukuko cha makampani opanga chip ku China, US idatenga njira monga kumanga bwalo laling'ono lokhala ndi makoma ataliatali ndikuletsa kutumiza ma chip apamwamba ku China. Izi sizinangokakamiza China kugwira ntchito molimbika, kudzidalira, komanso kudzidalira m'munda wa chip, komanso zinalekanitsa kwathunthu msika waukulu wa ogula ku China ndi makampani opanga chip ku US, zomwe zinasiya makampani opanga chip ku US opanda china koma kungodandaula pamsika wa ogula ku China. Ngakhale makampani opanga chip ku US ali ndi ma chip apamwamba omwe ali patsogolo pa ukadaulo wa China, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa makasitomala okwanira pamsika waku China, ma chips apamwamba otchedwa a ku United States ataya phindu lawo ndipo amatha kukhala zokongoletsera zokha. Kuyambira pamene United States inayambitsa nkhondo yaukadaulo ndi China, makampani aukadaulo aku China, omwe akuimiridwa ndi makampani opanga ma chip, sanakumane ndi mavuto aakulu, komanso akhala olimba komanso amphamvu. Ma chips odzipangira okha ku China pamlingo uliwonse, kuphatikizapo apakatikati, apamwamba komanso otsika, sanakwaniritse kwambiri kufunikira kwa msika wamkati, komanso awona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutumiza kunja pachaka. Mu 2024, kutumiza ma chips ku China kunapitilira 1 trillion yuan, zomwe zinadabwitsa dziko lonse lapansi. M'malo mwake, phindu la makampani opanga ma chips ndi opanga ma chips ambiri ku United States latsika kwambiri, latayika kwambiri, komanso lasowa mphamvu yopititsa patsogolo chitukuko. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti Intel, kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga ma chips ku United States, inali ndi ndalama zokwana US $ 54.228 biliyoni pachaka mu 2023, kuchepa kwa 14.00% pachaka, ndi phindu lonse la US $ 1.689 biliyoni, kuchepa kwa 78.92% pachaka pachaka. Mu kotala lachiwiri la 2024, ndalama zomwe Intel inapeza zinali US$12.833 biliyoni, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 0.90%; kutayika kwake konse kunali US$1.610 biliyoni, mosiyana kwambiri ndi phindu lake la US$1.5 biliyoni mu nthawi yomweyi ya 2023. Mu kotala lachitatu la 2024, ndalama zomwe Intel inapeza zinali US$13.284 biliyoni, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 6.17%; kutayika kwake konse kunali US$16.639 biliyoni, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 5702.36%. Mwachitsanzo, Qualcomm, kampani ina yopanga ma chip ku United States, kwenikweni idataya msika waku China kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2023 chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwa United States malamulo oletsa kutumiza ma chip kunja, ndipo China ndiye gwero la ndalama zoposa 60%. Phindu lonse la Qualcomm mu kotala lachiwiri la 2023 linatsika ndi 52% chaka ndi chaka, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsika kwakukulu m'zaka zaposachedwa. Intel ndi Qualcomm zili chonchi, ndipo Nvidia ndi AMD sizili zosiyana. Ndi chinthu chaching'ono kwambiri m'makampani onse a ma chip aku US pakadali pano. Nkhondo yaukadaulo yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi boma la US yawapangitsa kutaya msika waku China, motero kutaya gwero lawo la phindu komanso chilimbikitso chofuna kupita patsogolo. Nkhondo yaukadaulo yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi United States motsutsana ndi China yawononga pang'ono China, koma kuvulala komwe kwachitika kumakampani aukadaulo aku America kumawonekera ndi maso.

Kodi nkhondo yazachuma yakhudza bwanji dziko la United States?

Mu njira ya United States yoletsa China, kuyambitsa nkhondo yazachuma ndi chida choopsa kwambiri choukira. United States ikufuna kuyambitsa nkhondo yazachuma motsutsana ndi China, kuphulitsa malo ogulitsa katundu aku China, kuchepetsa ndalama za RMB, ndikuletsa msika wamasheya aku China, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochepetsa chitukuko cha zachuma cha China pamene akukolola chuma cha China.

Popeza njira yotsegulira akaunti ya RMB capital yakhala ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono motsogozedwa ndi boma la China, ndipo boma la China lamanga chitseko champhamvu cha zachuma, msika wazachuma wa China unganenedwe kuti ndi wosagonjetseka. Potengera izi, mphamvu ya kuukira kwachuma kwa United States ku China ndi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale m'njira zambiri ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe United States inkayembekezera. United States inganenedwe kuti yadziwombera yokha pa phazi.

Munthawi yomwe msika wogulitsa nyumba unali kukula kwambiri ku China, anthu adawona kuti United States ikupitiliza kuwonjezera ma bond ake akunja amakampani ogulitsa nyumba aku China kudzera m'mabungwe azachuma apadziko lonse omwe ankawalamulira, kuyesera kukumba mabowo ndikupanga misampha ya ngongole kwa makampani ogulitsa nyumba aku China. Komabe, boma la China linali litaneneratu kale msika wogulitsa nyumba waku China ndipo lidatenga njira zingapo zotsutsana ndi kukula kwa msika wogulitsa nyumba. Pakati pawo, makampani ena akuluakulu ogulitsa nyumba aku China adaletsedwa kukula mosazindikira kunja kwa dziko kudzera mu ngongole ndi njira zina, motero kupewa kugwa kwa msika wogulitsa nyumba waku China chifukwa cha misampha ya ngongole zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kuchepetsa msika wogulitsa masheya waku China, mbali imodzi, United States idagwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wosavomerezeka pa masheya aku China ndipo idapereka malipoti osavomerezeka kuti iletse makampani aku China omwe adalembedwa ku United States, motero kutsitsa msika wa A-share. Kumbali ina, United States, kudzera m'mabungwe ena apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amawunikidwa ndi United States, idapereka malipoti abodza ambiri omwe anali otsika pa chuma cha China, makampani aku China ndi msika wogulitsa masheya, poyesa kusokeretsa amalonda apadziko lonse kuti achoke pamsika wogulitsa masheya waku China. Komabe, kuchita bwino kwa chuma cha China, chomwe ndi chokhacho padziko lonse lapansi, kwathetsa chiwembu cha US chofuna kuchepetsa msika wa A-share. Nthawi yomweyo, msika wa A-share ndi waukulu ndipo uli ndi osunga ndalama ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zolinga za Sima Zhao wa ku US zimadziwika bwino ndi aliyense. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwa US kuchepetsa msika wa A-share sikunapambane. Msika wa A-share wa ku China ukugwirabe ntchito mwadongosolo komanso modziyimira pawokha malinga ndi kayendedwe kake komanso njira zake.

Lingaliro lalikulu la United States poyambitsa nkhondo yazachuma ndi China ndikuletsa chiwongola dzanja cha RMB kudzera mu dola yamphamvu, kuti itenge ndalama zaku China ndikukolola chuma cha ku China. United States ikukhulupirira kuti bola ngati ikukweza chiwongola dzanja ndikupanga mafunde a dola, idzatha kupanga ndalama kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza China, kupita ku United States. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira Marichi 2022, United States yayamba kukwera kwatsopano kwa chiwongola dzanja. Ngakhale kukwera koyamba kwa chiwongola dzanja kudapangitsa kuti RMB ichepe, sikunakhudze kwambiri kuyenda kwa ndalama zaku China. Zotsatira zake, Federal Reserve idakwera mwamphamvu chiwongola dzanja, zomwe zidalola United States kusunga chiwongola dzanja cha pafupifupi 6% kwa zaka ziwiri, zomwe zidapanga kukwera kwatsopano m'mbiri ya kukwera kwa chiwongola dzanja kwa Federal Reserve. Ngakhale kuti kuchepa kwa mtengo wa ndalama za RMB kunapitirira 17% chifukwa cha kukwera kwa chiwongola dzanja kwa Federal Reserve komanso kukwera kwa dola, chomwe United States sinayembekezere chinali chakuti, poyerekeza ndi ndalama zina zapadziko lonse lapansi, chiwongola dzanja cha RMB chikadali mtsogoleri wokhazikika kwambiri. Chomwe chikukhumudwitsa kwambiri United States ndichakuti ndalama za ku China sizinangopita ku United States, komanso zakopa ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti zilowe. M'zaka zaposachedwa, China yakhala imodzi mwa mayiko omwe amakopa ndalama zambiri zakunja. Msika waukulu wa China, mkhalidwe wokhazikika wandale, chitukuko chofulumira, kuthekera kwakukulu, komanso malo abwino kwambiri amalonda apangitsa China kukhala yokopa kwambiri ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi. Potengera izi, China sinatsatire United States pokweza chiwongola dzanja, komanso m'malo mwake idachepetsa chiwongola dzanja mosiyana ndi United States. Kuzungulira kwachuma kwa China, mfundo zandalama za China, ndi kuyenda kwa ndalama za China sizinakhudzidwe ndi kukwera kwakukulu kwa chiwongola dzanja cha United States komanso mfundo zamphamvu za dola.

Masiku ano, dola yolimba siikukhazikika. Mu 2024, dziko la United States latenga monyinyirika njira yochepetsera chiwongola dzanja, zomwe zikuika dziko la United States m'mavuto. Ngati dziko la United States lisiya kuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja ndikupitirizabe kusunga chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba, chiwongola dzanja chachikulu chidzapangitsa kuti makampani aku America ndi boma la US azivutika kunyamula. Mwachitsanzo, tenga boma la US. Ngongole ya boma la US yomwe ilipo pano ndi yokwera kufika pa madola 35 thililiyoni aku US. Pa chiwongola dzanja cha boma la US chomwe chilipo pano, boma la US liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana madola 2 thililiyoni aku US pa chiwongola dzanja cha ngongole chaka chilichonse, koma ndalama zomwe boma la US limapeza pachaka ndi madola 4 thililiyoni aku US okha. Ndalama zambiri zomwe boma la US limagwiritsa ntchito ndi katundu wosapiririka kwa boma la US ndi makampani aku America, kotero kuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja kudzakhala chinthu chopanda thandizo cha Federal Reserve. Komabe, ngati bungwe la Fed lipitiliza kuchepetsa chiwongola dzanja, dola yolimbayo idzataya malo ake, ndipo ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi zidzatuluka mu United States mochuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma cha US chichepe. Kuphulika kwa dola kukangoyamba, ulamuliro wa dola sungabwererenso, ndipo kuyesa kwa United States kukolola dziko lonse mwa kupanga mafunde a dola kudzakhala kovuta kuchita.

Tinganene kuti nkhondo yazachuma yomwe United States idayambitsa motsutsana ndi China yakhudza kwambiri United States, ndipo zotsatira zake zoyipa zidzaonekera kwambiri pamene chuma cha US chikutsika.