Dɛn na efii USA sikasɛm mu ɔko a wɔne China dii no mu bae?

(Wɔsan tintim fii Oriental Finance Magazine amanneɛbɔ a ɛyɛ aban de mu, a Yan Ansheng, Hong Kong Journal Media Association no guamtrani abadiakyiri na ɔkyerɛwee.)

Efi afe 2025 no, China ne U.S. aguadi mu akodi no mu ayɛ den bio, na agodie a ɛfa towtua, mfiridwuma, ne mfiridwuma nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn ho no ada no adi sɛ ɛwɔ afã horow pii a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho di asi. Afanu no afi akasakasa a emu yɛ den ase wɔ mmeae atitiriw te sɛ semiconductors, kar foforo a wɔde ahoɔden yɛ, ne kuayɛ ho. Wɔ April 2, 2025 no, U.S. aban no de too gua sɛ wɔde "reciprocal tariff" bɛto Chinafo nneɛma a wɔde kɔ United States no so, na tow a wɔbɔ no yɛ 34%. Sɛ wɔde 20% toɔ a wɔtua firi afe 2018 ka ho a, toɔ a wɔatua no nyinaa duu 54%. China nyɛ papa koraa. Wɔ April 4 no, China de "34% kosi 34%" towtua ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfa wɔn ho wɔn ho bae ntɛm ara, na wɔde tow 34% too nneɛma a wɔde fi amannɔne ba a efi United States nyinaa so, a ɛfa kuayɛ nneɛma, ahoɔden, kar ne mfuw afoforo ho. Bere koro no ara mu no, China de U.S. nnwumakuw 16 aka nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne a wɔhwɛ so no ho, na wɔabara sɛ wɔmfa nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma mprenu nkɔma wɔn; na ɛde nnwumakuw 11 kaa nnwumakuw a wontumi mfa wɔn ho nto so no din mu, na ɛbaraa wɔn sɛ wɔne China mfa wɔn ho nhyɛ nneɛma a wɔde ba amannɔne ne nea wɔde kɔ amannɔne ho dwumadi ahorow mu. Bio nso, China agyae U.S. nnwumakuw 6 a wɔde kɔ China no ahwehwɛde ahorow a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no, na wɔde nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne a ɛfa asase a wɔn ho yɛ na ho a ɛyɛ mfinimfini ne nea emu yɛ duru ho nhyehyɛe adi dwuma.

Yebetumi afi China ne U.S. aguadi ho akodi a etwa to no mu ahu sɛ China akwan a wɔfa so ko tia no reyɛ den na ɛreyɛ den. Enti, hena na obedi nkonim wɔ China ne U.S. sikasɛm mu ɔko no mu awiei koraa? Ɛnyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛsan de asɛm bi aba awiei denam China ne U.S. sikasɛm mu akansi a ɛkɔɔ so fi afe 2018 a yɛbɛsan ahwɛ mu no so.

Nkɛntɛnso bɛn na aguadi mu ɔko no nya wɔ United States so?

Wɔ afe 2018 mu no, Trump aban a saa bere no na ɛyɛ U.S. ɔmampanyin no fii aguadi mu ɔko ase tiaa China, na ɛno mu yɛɛ den kɛse mpo wɔ Biden nniso no mu. Nanso, mfe ason akyi no, ɛnyɛ sɛ United States ntumi nnu ne botae ahorow a na ɔhwɛ kwan no ho nko, na mmom wahwere nneɛma pii, ɔhaw ahorow, na wada ne nan ase a ɛda adagyaw adi. U.S. aguadi ho ɔko no asɛe China kakraa bi, nanso ɔsɛe a ɛbaa United States ankasa so no boro nea Amerikafo hwɛ kwan so koraa, na ɛda adi pɔtee wɔ nneɛma a edidi so yi mu.

Nea edi kan no, Amerika amammuifo anya adwene mu ɔhaw a ebi mmae da. Wɔ aguadi ɔko no nyinaa mu no, China amannɔne aguadi anya nkɔso wɔ ne nyinaa mu, na yebetumi aka sɛ dodow a ɔko no kɔ so no, dodow no ara na emu yɛ den. Gye nkɛntɛnso a aguadi ho ɔko no nyae mfiase no wɔ nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne so no, China amannɔne aguadi nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛma ayɛ den no adi dwuma bi wɔ bere tiaa bi mu. Ɛdenam biakoyɛ ne nsakrae a wɔhyɛɛ mu den ne nhyiam ne akwan horow te sɛ RCEP, Belt and Road Initiative, ne BRICS aman no so no, China asiesie nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ aguadi a wɔne United States retew mu no ntɛmntɛm, na ɛrenya nkɔso wɔ kwan no nyinaa so, a amannɔne aguadi kɔ so nya nkɔso afe biara. Ɔmanfoɔ nsɛm kyerɛ sɛ China nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no bɛduru yuan ɔpepepem 25 wɔ afe 2024 mu, na n’aguadi mu mfasoɔ bɛboro U.S. dɔla ɔpepepem 1, a ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kɛseɛ wɔ China nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne nko, na mmom ɛyɛ kɛseɛ paa wɔ wiase aguadi mu nso. Ɔkwan biako so no, wɔ aguadi mu ɔko yi mu no, Amerikafo hu sɛ wɔn gyinabea wɔ China amannɔne aguadi mu kyɛfa mu no so retew ntɛmntɛm. Ɔkwan foforo so no, bere a Amerika amammuifo hu sɛ China amannɔne aguadi renya nkɔso no, wɔn ho dwiriw wɔn, na adwene mu dadwen ne ɔhwe a wɔahyia no yɛ nea ebi mmae da.

Nea ɛto so abien no, wɔatwe nneɛma bo a ɛkɔ soro wɔ United States no akɔ soro na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛtew so, na ɛno apira Amerikafo kɛse. Aguadi ho ɔko a Trump ne n’adedifo Biden de tiaa China no, wɔde sii hɔ wɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a wɔde besi ananmu a enni United States no mu. Ɛwom sɛ United States aboa Mexico, India, Vietnam ne aman afoforo a wɔyɛ ne ne yɛ denneennen sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔde Chinafo nneɛma besi ananmu de, nanso nneɛma atitiriw a ɛwɔ aman yi mu no gyina China mfiridwuma a wɔde ma no so kɛse. Nokwarem no, anidaso a United States wɔ sɛ wɔde nneɛma a wɔde ba amannɔne besi ananmu wɔ India, Vietnam ne Mexico no abu akontaa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so kɛse. Aguadi ho ɔko a United States afi ase no nnyaa China mfiridwuma no so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Nea ɛne no bɔ abira no, tow a United States de to China nneɛma a wɔde fi amannɔne ba so tẽẽ ne nea ɛnteɛ no, wɔde ma Amerikafo a wɔde di dwuma titiriw, na abɛyɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛma nneɛma bo kɔ soro wɔ United States no mu biako. Efi bere a Trump aban no fii aguadi akodi ase tiaa China, titiriw fi bere a COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm no pae gui no, U.S. nneɛma bo akɔ soro bere nyinaa, na biribiara abɛyɛ nea ne bo yɛ den. Ɛwom sɛ U.S. aban no ayɛ nneɛma a ɛtra so a wɔde siw ano te sɛ mfɛntom a ɛkɔ soro de, nanso nneɛma bo a ɛkɔ soro no ntumi nduu botae a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ so no ho da. Amerikafo nkurɔfo nwiinwii denneennen, na sobo ahorow ne ayayade ahorow a wɔde tia U.S. aban no nni awiei. Ná U.S. aban no nhwɛ kwan sɛ ebefi mu aba yi.

Nea ɛto so abiɛsa no, wɔada U.S. mfiridwuma nhyehyɛe no mmerɛwyɛ adi, na nneɛma a wɔyɛ no sintɔ ahorow abɛyɛ mmerɛw mpo. Atirimpɔw biako a na U.S. aban no de fii aguadi mu ɔko ase ne sɛ ɛbɛtwetwe nneɛma a wɔyɛ no asan aba United States na ama U.S. nneɛma a wɔyɛ no ayɛ den bio. Nanso, nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira na esii. Sɛ yegyina nea efii bɛyɛ mfe ason a atwam fi bere a United States fii aguadi ho ɔko no ase mu aba no so bu atɛn a, ɛnyɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ no nsan mmaa United States nko, na mmom wɔasɛe United States mfitiase mfiridwuma no nso. Wɔasɛe wiase nyinaa mfiridwuma mu nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu mpaapaemu nhyehyɛe a etu mpɔn a Amerika nnwumakuw na wosii mfiase no. Wɔn a wɔde nneɛma foforo bɛma afoforo a wobenya no gye bere pii na entumi nnya sɛnea mfitiase nneɛma a wɔde ma no yɛ papa na ɛho ka sua. Afei nso, adwenem naayɛ a aguadi mu ɔko no de aba no nso ama Amerika nnwumakuw pii atwentwɛn wɔn nan ase wɔ gyinaesi ahorow te sɛ sika a wɔde bɛto mu ne ntrɛwmu mu, na aka mfiridwuma nhyehyɛe no nkɔso a ɛyɛ den bere tenten no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Amerika nnwumakuw pii de wɔn ho to nneɛma a efi China ba so kɛse de yɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma, ne nea ɛkeka ho Fa ɛlɛtrɔnik adwuma no sɛ nhwɛso. China ne ɔman titiriw a wɔyɛ ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma pii. Aguadi mu ɔko no ma ɛyɛ den ma Amerika nnwumakuw a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho wɔ abusuabɔ sɛ wobenya nneɛma a ɛyɛ den, na ɛma ɛka kɔ soro na ɛhaw nkɔso a ɛkɔ so wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Apple rehyia nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a ɛho yɛ na. Aguadi mu ɔko no asiw nnwumakuw a wɔyɛ nneɛma a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔman no mu a wɔde bɛba United States no kwan, na ɛno nso asi sɛnea U.S. nneɛma a wɔyɛ no mu ayɛ tokuru wɔ aguadi ho ɔko no mu no so dua bio.

Nea ɛto so anan no, United States ahwere ne nkitahodi ho nneɛma nyinaa wɔ nkitahodi a wɔne China yɛe mu na abɛyɛ nea ɛnyɛ hwee kɛse. Efi bere a China bɛkaa WTO ho wɔ afe 2001 mu no, United States taa de nea wɔfrɛ no sɛ ɛnkari pɛ wɔ China ne U.S. aguadi mu no di dwuma de tow China so, na ɛhyɛ China ma ɔde ne ho to China so na ɔma ne ho kwan wɔ nneɛma pii mu, te sɛ nea ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛ RMB no ho anisɔ ne mpo sɛ ɔsrɛ China sɛ ɔmmoa United States mma onnyi sikasɛm mu ahokyere no mfi hɔ. Nanso, bere bi a atwam no, na U.S. anohyeto ahorow no yɛ den nanso na entumi nyɛ adwuma, na na anohyeto ankasa no sua, na na mfaso a United States nya fii China hɔ no yɛ kɛse. Nanso, wɔ afe 2018 mu no, Trump aban no tetew U.S. aban no borɔdɔma ahaban no mu koraa na wɔyɛɛ aguadi mu nhyɛso a emu yɛ den a ebi mmae da tiaa China, bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛfa aguadi so asiw China nnwuma nkɔso ano. Aguadi ɔko no akyi no, Trump aban ne nea edii n’ade, Biden nniso no nso fii mfiridwuma ho ɔko ne sikasɛm mu ɔko ase tiaa China, na wɔtaa China mfiridwuma nnwumakuw akyi na wosiw wɔn kwan wɔ wiase nyinaa. Ɛde besi ha no, wobetumi aka sɛ ɔkwan a United States faa so de siw China ano no nyɛ nea adwempa, na wɔadi torobɛnto nkrataa no. Bargaining chip biara nni hɔ a aka. Awiei koraa no, ntua ne ɔhaw ho nhyehyɛe biako pɛ a United States betumi ayɛ atia China ne ɔmanfo adwene a wɔde srasra ne adaemone, nanso wɔde China nhyehyɛe a wɔmfa visa nni dwuma no nso siesie mmiako mmiako. Mprempren, wɔ bɛboro mfe ason a wɔde akodi aguadi mu akodi, mfiridwuma mu akodi, sikasɛm mu akodi, ne ɔmanfo adwene ho akodi akyi no, U.S. aban no ahu mpofirim sɛ afi nea wɔyɛ no ntɛm so abɛyɛ nea ɛnyɛ hwee bere a wohyia China no.

Mfiridwuma ho ɔko no nya United States so nkɛntɛnso kɛse dɛn?

Wɔ afe 2018 mu, bere a U.S. aban no fii aguadi ho akodi ase tiaa China no, ntɛm ara na ɛde mfiridwuma ho ɔko sii hɔ na ɔne n’ayɔnkofo boom siw China mfiridwuma nnwumakuw kwan wɔ wiase nyinaa. Mfiridwuma ho ɔko a United States de atia China no akɔ so bɛboro mfe asia, na ɛrekɔ soro bere nyinaa, nanso China mfiridwuma mu nkɔso ntɛmntɛm no nnyae, na mmom ɛrekɔ so ntɛmntɛm. Nea ɛne no bɔ abira no, aka United States ankasa mfiridwuma mu nkɔso kɛse.

Nea edi kan no, mfiridwuma mu mfaso a United States wɔ no ayɛ mmerɛw. Esiane akwan a United States ayɛ tia China nti, aman abien no ntumi nni nkitaho wɔ nyansahu ne mfiridwuma mu. Ɔkwan biako so no, akanyan tumi a China aban ne nnwumakuw no betumi ayɛ nneɛma foforo ne adwumayɛ, na anya nkɔso kɛse wɔ China mfiridwuma mu nneɛma foforo a wɔyɛ wɔ afã horow nyinaa mu. Ɔkwan foforo so no, United States ahwere ade wɔ China mfiridwuma mu nkɔso a ɛrekɔ so ntɛmntɛm no anim. Mfe 20 a atwam ni no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ na United States wɔ mfiridwuma mu mfaso nyinaa sen China, nanso ɛnnɛ, China atumi adi United States ntɛmntɛm na ɛboro United States mpo so wɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma foforo dodow no ara mu. Ɛnnɛ, gye mfuw kakraa bi a ɛkorɔn a ɛwɔ mmeae bi a, United States da so ara kura ne mfaso horow mu, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ Chinafo mfiridwuma na ɛkyekyere afã afoforo nyinaa. Ɛnyɛ sɛ United States ntumi mfa ntoto China ho wɔ mmeae te sɛ keteke a ɛde mmirika kɛse, po so ahyɛn a wɔyɛ, anyinam ahoɔden, ne kar foforo a wɔde ahoɔden yɛ nko, na mmom ahunmu adwumayɛbea a ɛyɛ United States hoahoa ne ho sen biara wɔ wiase no mpo, China adi so. Wɔ chip field a United States adi kan bere nyinaa no, gye chips kakraa bi a ɛkorɔn a ɛda so ara wɔ mfaso no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ China na edi chip nnwuma afoforo a ɛwɔ mfinimfini ne nea ɛba fam ne gua ahorow so. Boston Dynamics a wɔde mfe du du pii ayɛ robɔt akraman mpo, China Yushu Mfiridwuma no aboro so ntɛm ara. China ne United States de wɔn ho ahyɛ ɔko a wɔtwetwe mu wɔ nyansa a wɔde ayɛ nneɛma mu, nanso bere a DeepSeek aba no, tebea no rekɔ so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛreyɛ papa kɛse ama China so.

Nea ɛto so abien no, nyansahu ne mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ a wɔahwere wɔ United States no reda adi kɛse. Sɛnea yɛn nyinaa nim no, United States yiyedi no fi nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ United States abɛyɛ wiase nyinaa talente a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ mfe 100 a atwam no mu. Talent ahorow a wofi wiase nyinaa atu aba United States na wɔaboa kɛse wɔ Amerika nyansahu ne mfiridwuma mu nkɔso mu. Wɔn mu bi ne Chinafo sukuufo, Chinafo-Amerikafo nyansahufo, ne Chinafo-Amerikafo mfiridwuma ho nhwehwɛmufo a wɔyɛ adwuma yiye sen biara na wɔyɛ Amerika nyansahu ne mfiridwuma asraafo no anim. Nanso, nnansa yi mfe mu no, amammui mu akodi a ɛkɔ so wɔ United States no mu ayɛ den, ɔmanfo mu apaapae kɛse, na mmusua mu ntawntawdi mu ayɛ den. Titiriw no, wɔayɛ nyiyim atia nnipa a wofi Chinafo, a Chinafo sukuufo, Chinafo ne Chinafo-Amerikafo nhwehwɛmufo ka ho, kɛse wɔ United States. Nea ɛsen saa no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetwa akwan a nyansahu ne mfiridwuma mu nsakrae a ɛkɔ China ne United States ntam no mu no, ɛnyɛ sɛ Amerika amammuifo asiw Amerika mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ a wɔde kɔ China no ano nko, na mmom wɔabara talente a wɔde sesa China ne United States nso. U.S. aban nso asiw Chinafo sukuufo, Chinafo ne Chinafo-Amerikafo nyansahufo ne mfiridwumayɛfo a wofi Chinafo no so pɔtee na wɔataa wɔn, ɛnyɛ sɛ esiw wɔn nkɔanim akwan no kwan na wɔabara wɔn sɛ wonnya dibea atitiriw wɔ U.S. aban ne nnwuma mu nko, na mmom asiw wɔn adesua ne adwumayɛ kwan wɔ United States nso ano. Nyansahu ne mfiridwuma ho adesua atitiriw binom bara pefee sɛ sukuufo a wofi China kasa no nsua ade, na nyansahu mu nhwehwɛmu ne mfiridwuma mu dibea ne ahyehyɛde ahorow a ɛho hia pii nni hɔ mma Chinafo sukuufo ne Chinafo ne Chinafo-Amerikafo. Chinafoɔ asuafoɔ ne Chinafoɔ ne Chinafoɔ-Amerikafoɔ rehaw wɔ wɔn adesua, adwuma ne wɔn asetena mu wɔ United States. Wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu no, Chinafo sukuufo ne Chinafo ne Chinafo-Amerikafo nyansahufo ne mfiridwuma ho adwumayɛfo pii apaw sɛ wobefi United States akɔ wiase mmeae nyinaa. Wɔn mu bi ne nyansahufo binom apaw sɛ wɔbɛsan akɔ China akɔsom wɔn kurom. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Ɔbenfo Yin Zhiyao, Shanghai Advanced Micro-Semiconductor Equipment Co., Ltd. guamtrani ne titrani, a ɔsan baa China wɔ afe 2004 mu sɛ ɔrebɛhyɛ adwuma ase no kae bere bi sɛ wɔ mfe 40 a atwam no mu no, anyɛ yiye koraa no, United States ayɛ mfiri ahorow 10 a ɛkɔ anim wɔ amanaman ntam, a emu 70% kosi 80% yɛ nea Chinafo sukuufo na wɔyɛe, na 80% yɛ nea wɔyɛe Saa talente yi mu 90% asan aba China na wɔadi dwuma titiriw wɔ nnwuma ahorow mu. Sɛ yɛhwɛ asono no nyinaa kakra a, nhwɛso a Oguamtrani Yin Zhiyao faa mu asɛm no da tebea a ɛfa talente a wɔhwere wɔ United States no adi ara kwa. Sɛnea nsɛm a efi Stanford Sukuupɔn a ɛwɔ United States kyerɛ no, Chinafo nyansahufo dodow a wofi United States no akɔ soro nkakrankakra fi 900 akodu 2,621 wɔ afe 2010 ne 2021 ntam.Nhwehwɛmu bi a U.S. nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo yɛe kyerɛ sɛ wɔ Chinafo nyansahufo bɛboro 1,300 mu no, wɔn mu 61% da so ara pɛ sɛ wofi United States. Nsɛm a wɔanya kyerɛ sɛ ɛwom sɛ United States da so ara wɔ nyansahufo atitiriw dodow a ɛsen biara wɔ wiase de, nanso ne dodow rekɔ so asɛe, na nyansahufo a wɔkorɔn wɔ wiase a China na wɔwɔ no dodow rekɔ so ayɛ United States.

Nea ɛto so abiɛsa no, U.S. mfiridwuma no siw U.S. aban no kwan kɛse. Ansa na U.S. refi mfiridwuma ho ɔko ase atia China no, na adwuma mu nkyekyɛmu a ɛda China ne U.S. ntam wɔ chip adwuma mu no da adi pefee, kyerɛ sɛ, na U.S. na ɛyɛ chip nneɛma ho nhyehyɛe na wɔyɛ, na China de wiase no mu adetɔfo gua kɛse a ɛsen biara maa U.S. chip adwuma no. Nanso, mfiridwuma ho ɔko a U.S. de tiaa China no buu saa nhyehyɛe yi so. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na U.S. asiw China chip adwuma no nkɔso ano no, faa akwan horow te sɛ adiwo ketewaa bi a wɔbɛkyekye a afasu atenten na wɔabara sɛ wɔmfa chips a ɛyɛ fɛ nkɔ China. Ɛnyɛ sɛ saa adeyɛ yi hyɛɛ China ma ɔyɛɛ adwumaden, de ne ho too ne ho so, na ɔhwɛɛ ne ho wɔ chip adwuma mu nko, na mmom ɛtetew China adetɔfo gua kɛse no ne U.S. chip adwumayɛkuw no ntam koraa, na ɛmaa U.S. chip nnwumakuw no annya hwee sɛ wosi apini wɔ China adetɔfo gua so. Sɛ U.S. chip nnwumakuw wɔ chips a ɛkɔ anim a edi China mfiridwuma anim mpo a, esiane adetɔfo a wɔdɔɔso a wonni wɔ China gua so nti, nea wɔfrɛ no United States chips a ɛkɔ anim no ahwere mfaso a ɛwɔ so na ebetumi abɛyɛ nneɛma a wɔde siesie fie nkutoo. Efi bere a United States fii mfiridwuma ho ɔko ase tiaa China no, ɛnyɛ sɛ China mfiridwuma adwuma a chip adwuma no gyina hɔ ma no nnyaa ɔhaw kɛse nko, na mmom abɛyɛ den na ayɛ den. Ɛnyɛ sɛ China chips a wɔn ankasa yɛ wɔ gyinabea ahorow nyinaa mu, a nea ɛwɔ mfinimfini, nea ɛkorɔn ne nea ɛba fam ka ho no adi ɔman no mu gua so ahiade ho dwuma kɛse nko, na mmom wɔahu nkɔanim kɛse wɔ afe afe nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no mu nso. Wɔ afe 2024 mu no, China chip a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no boro yuan ɔpepepem biako, na ɛmaa wiase nyinaa ho dwiriw wɔn. Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, mfaso a chip adwumakuw ne chip ayɛfo dodow bi a wɔwɔ United States nya no so atew kɛse, wɔahwere ade kɛse, na enni nkɔso mu nkɔso. Data kyerɛ sɛ Intel, chip company a agye din wɔ United States, nyaa afe afe sika a ɛyɛ US$54.228 ɔpepepem wɔ afe 2023 mu, afe biara so tew 14.00%, ne mfasoɔ a ɛyɛ US$1.689 billion, afe biara so tew 78.92%. Wɔ afe 2024 bosome a ɛtɔ so mmienu mu no, Intel sika a wɔnyaeɛ no yɛ US$12.833 ɔpepepem, afe biara a ɛso teɛ 0.90%; nea ɔhweree no yɛ US$1.610 ɔpepepem, a ɛne ne mfasoɔ a ɛyɛ US$1.5 ɔpepepem wɔ saa berɛ korɔ no ara mu wɔ afe 2023. Wɔ afe 2024 bosome mmiɛnsa mu no, Intel sika a ɔnyaeɛ no yɛ US$13.284 ɔpepepem, afe biara a ɛso teɛ 6.17%; nea ɔhweree no yɛ US$16.639 ɔpepepem, afe biara a ɛso tew 5702.36%. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ foforɔ ne sɛ, Qualcomm, chip yɛfo foforɔ wɔ United States, titire no hweree China gua wɔ afe 2023 mfitiaseɛ ɛnam United States ntrɛmu a ɛfa chip export anohyetoɔ ho nti, na China na ɛyɛ ne sika bɛboro 60% fibea. Qualcomm mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ afe 2023 bosome mmiɛnsa a ɛtɔ so mmienu no kɔɔ fam kɛseɛ 52% afe biara, na ɛde abakɔsɛm mu a ɛba fam sii hɔ wɔ mfeɛ a atwam no mu. Intel ne Qualcomm te sɛ eyi, na Nvidia ne AMD nso nyɛ nea ɛka ho. Wɔyɛ U.S. chip adwuma no nyinaa mu ade ketewaa bi mprempren. Mfiridwuma ho ɔko a U.S. aban no afi ase no ama wɔahwere China gua no, na ɛnam so ma wɔahwere mfaso fibea ne nea ɛkanyan wɔn ma wɔkɔ so nya nkɔso no. Mfiridwuma ho ɔko a United States de atia China no nsɛee China pii, nanso adwenemhaw a ɛde aba Amerika mfiridwuma nnwumakuw so no da adi wɔ aniwa so.

Sikasɛm mu ɔko no nya United States so nkɛntɛnso kɛse dɛn?

Wɔ ɔkwan a United States fa so siw China ano mu no, sikasɛm mu ɔko a wɔbɛtow no yɛ akode a ɛyɛ hu yiye a wɔde tow hyɛ nkurɔfo so. United States ayɛ n’adwene sɛ ɛbɛto sikasɛm mu ɔko atia China, apae Chinafo adan ne afie, ayɛ RMB no tiawa, na asiw China sikakorabea gua so, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a obedu botae a ɛne sɛ ebesiw China sikasɛm mu nkɔso ano bere a wɔretwa Chinafo agyapade no ho.

Esiane sɛ RMB sika kɛse akontaabu no a wobue no ayɛ nea China aban no di so nkakrankakra, na China aban no ayɛ sikasɛm mu ogya fasu a emu yɛ den nti, yebetumi aka sɛ China sikasɛm gua no yɛ nea wontumi nni so nkonim. Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no, sɛnea United States sikasɛm mu ntua a ɛde baa China so no tu mpɔn no sua koraa, na wɔ akwan pii so mpo no, ɛne nea United States hwɛɛ kwan no bɔ abira koraa. Yebetumi aka sɛ United States too ne ho tuo wɔ ne nan mu.

Wɔ bere bi a na adan ne afie ho gua renya nkɔso wɔ China mu no, nkurɔfo hui sɛ United States kɔɔ so maa Chinafo adan ne afie ho nnwumakuw no amannɔne nkrataa a ɛwɔ amannɔne no kɔɔ soro denam nea wɔfrɛ no amanaman ntam sikasɛm asoɛe ahorow a ɛhwɛ so no so, na ɛbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ ebetu ntokuru na ɛde ɛka afiri aba Chinafo adan ne afie ho nnwumakuw so. Nanso, na China aban no ahyɛ ɔman no mu adan ne afie ho gua ho nkɔm dedaw na na wɔayɛ mmara kwan so nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛne kyinhyia nhyia wɔ bere a adan ne afie ho gua no renya nkɔso kɛse no. Wɔn mu bi ne sɛ wɔbaraa nnwumakuw akɛse bi a wɔyɛ adan ne afie wɔ ɔman no mu sɛ wɔmfa bosea ne akwan afoforo so ntrɛw ntrɛwmu wɔ amannɔne anifurae so, na wɔnam saayɛ so kwatii sɛ ebia China adan ne afie ho gua no bɛhwe ase esiane amannɔne boseabɔ afiri nti. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na Chinafo sikakorabea no ayɛ tiaa no, ɔkwan biako so no, United States de nhwehwɛmu a ɛmfata a wɔyɛe wɔ Chinafo sika a wɔde di dwuma wɔ adwene mu no dii dwuma na ɛde amanneɛbɔ ahorow a ɛnyɛ papa mae de siw China nnwumakuw a wɔakyerɛw wɔn din wɔ United States no ano, na ɛnam so twee A-share gua no kɔɔ fam. Ɔkwan foforo so no, United States nam amanaman ntam nnwumakuw bi a wɔde toto nneɛma so a United States di so so de amanneɛbɔ ahorow a ɛnyɛ papa a ɛyɛ atoro a ɛkɔ fam wɔ China sikasɛm, China nnwumakuw ne sikakorabea gua so mae, na ɛbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛdaadaa amanaman ntam sikasɛm mu asisifo ma wɔafi China sikakorabea ahorow no mu. Nanso, China sikasɛm a ɛno nkutoo na ɛwɔ wiase no adwumayɛ a ɛda nsow no ama U.S. atirisopam a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛma A-share gua no ayɛ tiaa no asɛe. Bere koro no ara mu no, A-share gua no yɛ kɛse na ɛwɔ sikakorafo pii. Nea ɛka ho no, obiara nim U.S. Sima Zhao adwene yiye. Enti, mmɔden a U.S. bɔe sɛ wɔbɛma A-share gua no ayɛ tiaa no ankosi hwee. China A-share gua no da so ara yɛ adwuma wɔ nhyehyɛe ne ahofadi kwan so sɛnea n’ankasa nnyigyei ne ɔkwan a ɔfa so te.

Ade titiriw a United States pɛ wɔ sikasɛm mu ɔko a wɔde tia China no mu ne sɛ ebesiw RMB sika a wɔde sesa nneɛma no ano denam dɔla a emu yɛ den so, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛfa China sika na wɔatwa Chinafo agyapade. United States gye di sɛ bere tenten a ɛma mfɛntom kɔ soro na ɛde dɔla pii ba no, ebetumi ama sika kɛse a efi wiase nyinaa, a China ka ho, asen aba United States. Enti, efi March 2022 no, United States afi ase rema mfɛntom foforo. Ɛwom sɛ mfɛntom kakraa bi a edi kan a wɔmaa ɛkɔɔ soro no maa RMB no bo kɔɔ fam de, nanso ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ennyaa China kapital a ɛkɔ so no so nkɛntɛnso biara. Nea efii mu bae ne sɛ, Federal Reserve faa basabasayɛ mu mfɛntom a ɛkɔɔ soro, na ɛmaa United States kɔɔ so kuraa mfɛntom a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ 6% mu mfe abien, na ɛde nkɔanim foforo bae wɔ abakɔsɛm mu wɔ Federal Reserve mfɛntom a ɛkɔɔ soro no mu. Ɛwom sɛ bere bi na RMB sika a ɛkɔ fam no boroo 17% wɔ Federal Reserve mfɛntom a ɛkɔɔ soro basabasa ne dɔla a emu yɛ den no nkɛntɛnso ase de, nanso nea United States anhwɛ kwan ne sɛ, sɛ yɛde toto amanaman ntam sika afoforo ho a, RMB sika a wɔde sesa nneɛma no da so ara yɛ kannifo a ɛyɛ den sen biara. Nea ɛyɛ abasamtu titiriw ma United States ne sɛ ɛnyɛ sɛ China kapital ansen ankɔ United States nko, na mmom atwetwe wiase nyinaa sika ma akɔ mu Wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu no, China ayɛ aman a ɛtwetwe amannɔne sika kɛse a wɔde bɛto mu no mu biako. China gua kɛse, amammui tebea a ɛyɛ den, nkɔso a ɛba ntɛmntɛm, tumi kɛse, ne aguadi tebea a ɛrenya nkɔso na ɛrenya nkɔso kɛse no ama China ayɛ nea amanaman ntam ahenkurow no ani gye ho kɛse. Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no, ɛnyɛ sɛ China anni United States akyi wɔ mfɛntom a ɛkɔ soro no mu nko, na mmom ɛfaa mfɛntom a wɔatew so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛne United States bɔ abira so. China sikasɛm mu kyinhyia, China sikasɛm nhyehyɛe, ne China kapital a ɛkɔ no nnyaa nkɛntɛnso wɔ United States mfɛntom a ɛkɔ soro kɛse ne dɔla ho nhyehyɛe a emu yɛ den no so.

Ɛnnɛ, dɔla a ɛyɛ den no ntumi nkɔ so bio. Wɔ afe 2024 mu no, United States de ahopere atu anammɔn a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛtew mfɛntom so, na ɛno de United States to ahokyere mu. Sɛ United States gyae mfɛntom a wɔtew so na ɛkɔ so kura mfɛntom a ɛkɔ soro mu a, mfɛntom ho adesoa a emu yɛ duru no bɛma ayɛ den ama Amerika nnwumakuw ne U.S. aban sɛ wɔbɛsoa. Fa U.S. aban no sɛ nhwɛso. Mprempren U.S. aban ka no boro U.S. dɔla ɔpepepem 35. Wɔ mprempren mfɛntom dodow mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ U.S. aban sɛe U.S. dɔla ɔpepepem 2 wɔ ɛka ho mfɛntom afe biara, nanso sika a U.S. aban no nya afe biara wɔ sikasɛm mu no yɛ U.S. dɔla ɔpepepem 4 pɛ. Mfɛntom kɛse a wɔbɔ no yɛ adesoa a wontumi nnyina ano dedaw ma U.S. aban ne Amerika nnwumakuw, enti mfɛntom a wɔbɛtew so no bɛyɛ adeyɛ a Federal Reserve no bɛyɛ a wontumi nyɛ ho hwee. Nanso, sɛ Fed kɔ so tew mfɛntom so a, dɔla a ɛyɛ den no bɛhwere ne gyinabea, na amanaman ntam kapital bɛsen afi United States pii, na ɛbɛma U.S. sikasɛm akɔ mogya. Sɛ dɔla a ɛyɛ hu no pae pɛ a, ebia dɔla tumidi no nsan nyɛ bio da, na mmɔden a United States bɛbɔ sɛ ebetwa wiase no denam dɔla a ɛbɛba so no bɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛyɛ.

Yebetumi aka sɛ sikasɛm mu ɔko a United States de atia China no wɔ nkɛntɛnso bɔne kɛse a ɛkɔ akyiri wɔ United States so, na nkɛntɛnso bɔne a ɛwɔ United States so no bɛda adi kɛse bere a U.S. sikasɛm rekɔ fam no.